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Akshi Upanishad ((サンスクリット:अक्स्हि उपनिषत्)), also spelled Akshy Upanishad) is one of 108 Upanishadic Hindu scriptures, written in Sanskrit language. It is one of the 32 Upanishads under the Krishna Yajurveda. It is also categorized as one of the 24 Samanya Upanishads (Samanya means "general".) The Upanishad is presented in two sections, with the first section dealing with invocation to the Sun god and the Sun’s ray's that emanates and shines bright. The second section gives an explanation given by the Sun God to Samkriti on what is Brahman, ways of taking a dispassionate view of life and freedom, and also the effervescence of the Om mantra. ==Contents== Samkriti offers his salutations to the Sun god in the latter’s domain of the solar system, and praises the Sun god as he who with his transit encompasses the whole world, supremely commanding with shining rays of brightness, dispeller of darkness, provider of the endless source of energy and all life in the universe, all knowing considerate and "ambrosial" conferrer of longevity or immortality. He requests Sun god to give him the vision of realizing “Reality” through his omnipotence. Sun, acknowledging the greetings of Samkriti, assures him that any Brahmin acquiring the scientific knowledge imparted by him would be free of eye ailments, and any one taking birth in his family will never be denied the benefit of sight, and further propagation of this science to eight Brahmins will give him proficiency in this knowledge.〔 In verses 1 to 4, Samkriti requests the Sun god to enlighten him on the aspect of Brahmavidya. Sun god instructs that Brahmavidya, knowledge of Brahman, is difficult to learn but once acquired will result in self-realization while still life exists in the body.〔 Once reality is perceived by yogic exercises by a Yogi he will act positively every day and will be involved in pursuing rightful causes without causing any harm to any one.〔 In verses 5 to 6, the emphasis is on avoiding hasty unproductive actions, but to carry out, gently, good deeds with out harming any one, with least recourse to sinful deeds and pleasurable actions.〔 Verses 8 to 10a say that a person becomes a yogi by performing yogic exercises and achieves a threshold on the reincarnation process. Those who do not have this attainment are "Aryas" of noble stature only.〔 Verses 10(b) and 11 refer to the stage of "vichara", which follows the yoga stage, pertains to the faculty of discrimination between right and wrong, which is the forte of the "sadhakas" or scholars who are adept in interpreting thoughts and who are centered on good behavior and actions.〔 In verses 12 to 19, reference is to the Sadhaka, an achiever, and a wise man who decides the right course of action, even as a "house-holder", and who is capable of foregoing attachment to worldly pursuits, which were accentuated by a bloated sense of his importance, deceitfulness, unaccountable actions and avarice. This stage is compared to the way a snake sheds its skin. Following this stage, the Sadhaka moves on to the next stage of detachment in life in the same way as a lover seeks a clean bed strewn with flowers. In this stage the Sadhaka resorts to the study of the right kind of spiritual scriptures, lives like an ascetic chanting mantras roaming in the forest, and then he becomes a detached soul and enjoys the life of a renouncer.〔 Verses 20–22 give an explanation of the detached way of life, which is stated to be of two types; one is of general nature and the other that has a higher status. In the former type, the emphasis is on disinterest in perceived things, not deriving any pleasure nor being a representative, or Aufheben meaning not involved in thesis and antithesis. Whether it is happiness or misery, it is preordained by the Supreme Being.〔 In verses 23–24, the Upanishad states that being happy or unhappy is a state of sickness, ownership of anything is intense disruption, having relationship results in disentanglement, and misery is a result of thinking process. Time is the arbiter of everything.〔 In verses 25–26, the Upanishad gives an explanation on the stage of super dissociation intervened by the Sadhakas (spiritual achievers), which is represented by quietude, restful, and dormant. All actions are preordained by the Lord who represents everything with no role to any other, with truth as the prime factor over any utterances or of any significance.〔 Verses 27 to 42(a) provide explanations on the seven stages of Yoga; the first three stages successively lead to sadhakas (practitioners) getting out of the imagination stage; the fourth stage is of gradual realization of the unawareness and non-duality or advaita state; the fifth stage is when the sadhaka becomes bereft of everything and is oblivious to the world, goes into a "deep sleep" stage shunning his dual role and draws into himself; in the sixth stage, the sadhaka is in the full advaita state (non-duality state) with no attachments and has become a liberated soul filled with happiness, shining like a flame; and the seventh stage is the "state of disembodied liberation". Attaining the seventh stage of Yoga, sadhaka does conform to any religious injunctions, has no restrictions.〔 In verses 42 (b) to 48, the philosophical insight of each syllable of Om is explained: The syllables ‘a’ and ‘u’ are representatives of the "Vishwa" and “Tijasa”; with syllable ‘m’ indicating the stage of "Prajna" (all knowing). With this recitation, one subsumes himself into Vasudeva (Krishna), the Supreme God, who bestows blissful happiness, with total detachment from the world of "pain". Once devoid of all attachments, in a "sinless" state, one realizes what is Brahman.〔 In the last verse, the result of the behavioral modification, that is "Mental conditionings” is stated as the cause of unpleasantness, and hence should be shunned. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Akshi Upanishad」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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